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FDA Report
REPORT ABSTRACT
In 2004, several high-profile drug safety cases
raised concerns about the Food and Drug
Administration's (FDA) ability to manage
postmarket drug safety issues. In some cases
there have been disagreements within FDA about
how to address safety issues. In this report GAO
(1) describes FDA's organizational structure and
process for postmarket drug safety decision
making, (2) assesses the effectiveness of FDA's
postmarket drug safety decision-making process,
and (3) assesses the steps FDA is taking to
improve postmarket drug safety decision making.
GAO conducted an organizational review and case
studies of four drugs with safety issues: Arava,
Baycol, Bextra, and Propulsid.
Two organizationally distinct FDA offices, the
Office of New Drugs (OND) and the Office of Drug
Safety (ODS), are involved in postmarket drug
safety activities. OND, which holds
responsibility for approving drugs, is involved
in safety activities throughout the life cycle
of a drug, and it has the decision-making
responsibility to take regulatory actions
concerning the postmarket safety of drugs. OND
works closely with ODS to help it make
postmarket decisions. ODS, with a primary focus
on postmarket safety, serves primarily as a
consultant to OND and does not have independent
decision-making responsibility. ODS has been
reorganized several times over the years. There
has been high turnover of ODS directors in the
past 10 years, with eight different directors of
the office and its predecessors. In the four
drug case studies GAO examined, GAO observed
that the postmarket safety decision-making
process was complex and iterative. FDA lacks
clear and effective processes for making
decisions about, and providing management
oversight of, postmarket safety issues. The
process has been limited by a lack of clarity
about how decisions are made and about
organizational roles, insufficient oversight by
management, and data constraints. GAO observed
that there is a lack of criteria for determining
what safety actions to take and when to take
them. Certain parts of ODS's role in the process
are unclear, including ODS's participation in
FDA's scientific advisory committee meetings
organized by OND. Insufficient communication
between ODS and OND has been an ongoing concern
and has hindered the decision-making process.
ODS does not track information about ongoing
postmarket safety issues, including the
recommendations that ODS staff make for safety
actions. FDA faces data constraints in making
postmarket safety decisions. There are
weaknesses in the different types of data
available to FDA, and FDA lacks authority to
require certain studies and has resource
limitations for obtaining data. Some of FDA's
initiatives, such as the establishment of a Drug
Safety Oversight Board, a draft policy on major
postmarket decision making, and the
identification of new data sources, may improve
the postmarket safety decision-making process,
but will not address all gaps. FDA's newly
created Drug Safety Oversight Board may help
provide oversight of important, high-level
safety decisions, but it does not address the
lack of systematic tracking of ongoing safety
issues. Other initiatives, such as FDA's draft
policy on major postmarket decisions and regular
meetings between OND divisions and ODS, may help
improve the clarity and effectiveness of the
process, but they are not fully implemented. FDA
has not clarified ODS's role in certain
scientific advisory committee meetings. FDA's
dispute resolution processes for disagreements
about postmarket safety decisions have not been
used. FDA is taking steps to identify additional
data sources, but data constraints remain.
Subject Terms
Product safety
Prescription drugs
Pharmacological research
Pharmaceutical industry
Drugs
Decision making
Consumer protection
Safety regulation
Safety standards
>>
See Our Prescription Injury FAQs
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